BDSM is a combination of the acronyms Bondage & Discipline (B/D), Dominance & Submission (D/S), and Sadism & Masochism (S/M).
The English word for sexual abuse (Sadistic) is derived from the name sade. A century later, Richard Freiherr von Krafft-Ebing named sadism “Sadeism”. Later, with the addition of Austrian Masoch's masochistic novels, the psychologist Ebing coined the term Sadomasochism, or “S-M,” after these two men.
Recently, many people use sex toys such as thrusting dildo in BDSM relationship. Therefore, you might think that BDSM is a recent development, but in fact, its origins are much older than we realize.
The roots of BDSM can be traced back to ancient religious and social rituals, where expressions of bondage, power and pain had deep spiritual and cultural significance.
In the ancient Egyptian pantheon, pharaohs did not just enjoy the favor of the gods, but were symbolically “bound” in certain rituals to express their loyalty to the gods and their quest for transcendence. You can think of it as “divine bondage”. The logic of “bondage and spiritual transcendence” that it implies has something in common with some of the psychological experiences of modern BDSM.
Similar elements of BDSM can be found in ancient Greek and Roman practices and mythology. For example, in ancient Greek mythology, Zeus tied Prometheus to a mountain in the Caucasus and subjected him to the daily suffering of eagles pecking at his liver, and this bondage and suffering reflects to some extent the shadow of bondage and abuse in BDSM.
BDSM-like practices exist in Eastern cultures. A notable example is the Japanese art of Shibari, which, as an art form of rope bondage, has influenced the modern practice of BDSM bondage. Bondage or Shibari was one of the arresting techniques practiced in the late Edo period (ca. 17th century to 1860s). At that time, Japan was divided into clans, and each region gradually developed its own school of bondage, each with its own distinctive style of knotting. While preventing escape, bondage was also a punishment that inflicted great pain on the prisoner. After the Meiji Restoration, bondage, along with kenjutsu and judo, became one of the mandatory subjects for officers and soldiers, but was later abandoned due to the rise of handcuffs, and has gradually evolved into a purely disciplining technique that has been passed down to the present day.
In the eighteenth century, Sade wrote Salò o le 120 giornate di Sodoma (The One Hundred and Twenty Days of Sodoma). The book depicts four lewd men in a castle deep in the forest, isolated with their sex slaves. The novel was later adapted into a movie of the same name by Italian director Pasolini.
Early studies of BDSM were conducted around the early 1900s by sexologists such as Ebing and Sigmund Freud, who first categorized sadomasochism and masochism as sexual deviations in his book Psychopathia Sexualis. Freud, on the other hand, believed that sadistic and masochistic tendencies were part of human sexuality. This led to the introduction of BDSM into the field of study, although its understanding and acceptance varied at the time.
In the 1950s, Leather Subculture emerged in Europe and the United States, especially among the gay male community.
This culture incorporated elements of bondage, uniforms, and domination and became an important tributary of BDSM. For example, the Leather Daddy became the symbolic image of the dominant male, while the Boy represented the submissive side.
In 1971, the Eulenspiegel Society founded in New York was one of the first modern BDSM organizations, fostering contact and support among its members, as well as increasing understanding and acceptance of BDSM through educational activities.
In 1972, the Leatherman's Handbook published by Larry Townsend represents what is known as the Old Guard. The Old Guard emphasized strict conformity and fixed roles, and did not really take lesbianism or heterosexuality into account.
In 1974 the Society of Janus was founded in San Francisco to further promote the principles of safe, sane and consensual, SSC.
In 1981 Samois's book Coming to Power brought some awareness and acceptance of BDSM within lesbianism.
The advent of the Internet in the 1990s led to wider dissemination of BDSM. The relatively open and free New Guard emerged during this period.
In 1994, the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), revised by the World Health Organization, moved mild BDSM out of the category of mental illness.
In the 21st century, BDSM has become a widely influential culture with numerous clubs, organizations, and enthusiasts around the world. Most major cities in North America and Western Europe have BDSM clubs and play parties, as well as informal, more relaxed gatherings called “munches”. There are also regular gatherings such as Living in Leather, TESfest and Black Rose. In San Francisco, the annual Folsom Street Fair is held.
In 2013, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), issued by the American Psychiatric Association (APA), concluded that BDSM is no longer a pathological behavior, but a human sexual preference.
Recently, BDSM is commonly used with sex toys. In addition to the commonly used handcuffs, eye folds, whips, etc., you can also use thrusting dildo.
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